There are two main procedures that are done. The first is to put in place a tube called a shunt to drain away the excess CSF. This is probably the most common surgical procedure that is used. The shunt is run from either of the following:.
However, there can be problems with a shunt. It can become infected, it can drain away too much CSF, or sometimes it can become blocked. Therefore, someone who has had a shunt inserted needs regular check-ups to make sure that it is working normally. The second type of surgical treatment is around the eye.
A procedure called optic nerve sheath fenestration can be carried out. Small cuts are made in the protective sheath around the optic nerve.
This allows CSF to escape and the pressure on the optic nerve is reduced. This procedure can be very good at helping sight visual symptoms associated with IIH.
However, it may have little effect on other symptoms, including headache. This is because it tends to have little effect on reducing overall pressure within the skull.
Losing weight if you are overweight may help to improve symptoms in some people. However, many people find that weight loss does not help much. It is essential to detect IIH early and to start treatment early to prevent permanent loss of vision occurring. In some people, IIH can get better by itself but recurrence relapse of symptoms is common. For many other people, a combination of medical and surgical treatment can help to control their symptoms well. However, some people can still have troublesome symptoms despite treatment.
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. Neurol Clin. Ann Indian Acad Neurol. Epub Feb Curr Opin Neurol. Neurosurg Rev. Disclaimer: This article is for information only and should not be used for the diagnosis or treatment of medical conditions. Egton Medical Information Systems Limited has used all reasonable care in compiling the information but make no warranty as to its accuracy.
Consult a doctor or other health care professional for diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions. For details see our conditions. In this article Some anatomy around the brain Understanding cerebrospinal fluid What is idiopathic intracranial hypertension and what causes it?
Who gets idiopathic intracranial hypertension? Prompt diagnosis and treatment of pseudotumor cerebri is important since it may lead to progressive and possibly permanent loss of vision. The fluid that surrounds the spinal cord and brain is called cerebrospinal fluid or CSF. Cerebrospinal fluid supplies the brain and spinal cord with nutrients and removes impurities while protecting and cushioning these delicate structures.
Normally, after circulating, CSF is reabsorbed into the body through blood vessels. But if too much fluid is produced or not enough is re-absorbed, the CSF can build up and cause pressure within the skull, which is an enclosed space. This pressure can cause symptoms similar to those of a brain tumor, including worsening headache and vision problems.
Untreated pseudotumor cerebri can result in permanent problems such as vision loss. Since exertion can increase pressure inside the skull, symptoms can become worse with exercise or physical activity. Pseudotumor cerebri symptoms may resemble those of many other medical problems. Always consult an experienced specialist for a diagnosis.
Headaches associated with this disorder may vary from person to person. Often, pseudotumor cerebri headaches often occur at the back of the head and start as a dull pain, which tends to be worse at night or first thing in the morning.
Common headaches such as migraine or tension headaches can coexist with pseudotumor cerebri, which can complicate the diagnosis. Doctors are likely to diagnose these frequently seen disorders until a more detailed examination or further testing reveals PTC. Vision problems in pseudotumor cerebri evolve slowly over time, with temporary episodes of visual blurring that can start in the peripheral field of vision.
If treated, the outcome is good. If not treated, permanent blindness can occur. Unfortunately, up to one in 10 people with intracranial hypertension have some vision loss. Treatment typically lasts six to 12 months. With treatment, in most cases, this condition goes away.
However, increased pressure can return months or even years later. You can reduce this risk by helping your child maintain a healthy weight. It is important to have regular eye exams to check for vision loss even after the intracranial hypertension gets better. The Intracranial Hypertension Clinic accepts referrals from primary care physicians and pediatric specialists from the United States and internationally. To make a referral, there are three options:. Skip to Content.
Urgent Care. In This Section. Intracranial Hypertension Pseudotumor Cerebri Idiopathic intracranial hypertension, sometimes called pseudotumor cerebri, is a condition in which the cerebro-spinal fluid the fluid inside the skull is not able to drain normally. We want to hear from you. Do you have updated information on this disease? Treatment Treatment. Management options for idiopathic intracranial hypertension IIH can vary from person to person and may involve regular eye exams to monitor vision changes, medications, weight loss, and in some cases, surgery.
Medications that may be used to reduce CSF build-up and relieve intracranial pressure include acetazolamide and furosemide. Weight loss through dieting or weight loss surgery may also be recommended for people with IIH who are overweight or obese, although this does not lead to improvement of symptoms in all cases. If the above management options are not successful and symptoms are severe or permanent vision loss is possible, surgery may be needed. Types of surgery that may be needed may include a procedure to remove pressure on the optic nerve optic nerve sheath fenestration , and CSF shunting , which involves surgically inserting a tube to drain cerebrospinal fluid.
Prognosis Prognosis. The outlook prognosis associated with idiopathic intracranial hypertension IIH is quite variable and difficult to predict in each person. In some cases, it goes away on its own within months. However, symptoms may return.
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The Merck Manual for health care professionals provides information on Idiopathic intracranial hypertension.
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