The Criteria also called for expanding nonminority enrollment at HBCUs by offering on their campuses academic programs that are in high demand or unavailable at the state systems' other campuses. Efforts also were to be made to provide HBCUs with resources that would ultimately ensure they were at least comparable to those at traditionally white institutions having similar missions. Under the plans accepted by OCR, HBCUs have aimed for desegregated student enrollments and better programs and facilities while retaining or enhancing their historic stature.
OCR has monitored the plans to make sure they have been implemented. Under the plans, substantial progress has been made by many states in desegregation of their state systems of higher education.
At the same time, HBCUs continue to be a vital resource in the nation's educational system. Among their accomplishments are the following:. HBCUs have played an historical role in enhancing equal educational opportunity for all students. Fifty percent of black faculty in traditionally white research universities received their bachelor's degrees at an HBCU.
Department of Health and Human Services; and many black political leaders. Today, there are HBCUs with more than , students enrolled. Fifty-six institutions are under private control, and 51 are public colleges and universities.
The public institutions account for more than two-thirds of the students in historically black institutions. Most 87 of the institutions are four-year colleges or universities, and 20 are two-year institutions. In the past, more than 80 percent of all black college graduates have been trained at these HBCUs. Today, HBCUs enroll 20 percent of black undergraduates.
However, HBCUs award 40 percent of baccalaureate degrees earned by black college students. On April 28, , President George Bush issued Executive Order to strengthen the capacity of HBCUs to provide quality education and to increase their participation in federally sponsored programs.
It mandates the taking of positive measures, by federal agencies, to increase the participation of HBCUs, their faculty and students, in federally sponsored programs. It also encourages the private sector to assist HBCUs. This office also coordinates the activities of 27 federal departments and agencies in implementing Executive Order These agencies were selected for participation in the program because they account for 98 percent of federal funds directed to our colleges and universities.
Selecting a college in which to enroll is a very personal choice. However, HBCUs offer a valuable option for minority and nonminority students alike. Some of the factors that make HBCUs attractive include:. Many HBCUs have lower tuition and fees compared to traditionally white institutions. A number also offer a broad spectrum of financial assistance to qualified students and have extensive experience in identifying sources of financial support for deserving students. Financial assistance may come in the form of scholarships, loans, and grants to cover the cost of tuition, fees, room and board, books, supplies, personal expenses, and transportation.
HBCUs often serve students from a wide range of cultural and socioeconomic backgrounds. Students interested in the humanities, or in such areas as sociology, psychology, economics, government, urban planning, etc. Nonresident aliens constitute a large portion of the student enrollment at many HBCUs. A number of foreign students and professors at HBCUs participate in student or faculty exchange programs. In general, HBCUs aim to be sensitive to the needs of foreign students and provide students an opportunity to associate with different nationalities and to learn about cultural diversities.
At the same time, the unemployment rate for African American college graduates between ages 22 and 27 is roughly Given their proven track record of influencing the academic success of African Americans, now more than ever greater investment is needed in HBCUs.
HBCUs are rooted in faith, community and service. Black churches have long been pillars of the black community and the history and life of black colleges are closely intertwined with faith, values and service to others. Over and over, we are reminded of the heroes and leaders who have emerged from HBCUs.
Martin Luther King, Jr. Seeing a need and opportunity for reform, Quaker philanthropist Richard Humphreys founded the Institute for Colored Youth in Cheyney Pennsylvania in He wanted to create an institution for formerly enslaved African Americans to learn basic skills like reading, writing and math so they could become equipped for the world that they were entering as free people.
Gradually, more universities were established with a large surge of new institutions coming into existence after the passing of the Second Morrill Act of The act required states that supported racial segregation in schools to create and fund public institutions for Black students.
Schools that served Black communities faced many hurdles with funding and access to resources being a major barrier. This increase in funding led to more Black people attending college and thus a need for more schools.
Furthermore, America's welfare is forever connected to the past, present, and future of the Historically Black College and University. She is as important now — if not more so — as she ever was. Historically Black Colleges and Universities are institutions founded before that aimed to educate former slaves and free Blacks — who were once legally denied a right to education — to provide them with skills and trades that would improve the quality of their lives.
This training procured generations of educators, members of the clergy, and community leaders. Specifically, the second Morrill Act of mandated that states provide land grants for Black colleges if African American students could not attend predominantly white institutions.
Due to many of these states being former members of the Confederacy, numerous Historically Black Colleges and Universities exist in the American South.
The HBCU's ramifications include her teachings, and these lessons also prove to be generational. Consequently, HBCU graduates — imbued with institutional pride — make sure to impart the lessons they learned via these sentinels of higher learning to their descendants. It is not uncommon to discover HBCUs with multiple generations of families comprising their annals of successful alumni. This is especially true when one considers the limited options Blacks possessed in efforts to rise out of their social class.
For those seeking education, funding and enrollment opportunities were minimal. Families maintained their own pipelines to specific schools to create generational wealth and a legacy. Historically Black Colleges and Universities are as important today as they were when Cheyney was established in For example, HBCUs are now destination points for international students due to their inclusivity and diverse faculty and staff. The National Center for Education Statistics reports that 1 in 4 students enrolled at HBCUs are non-Black; this population matriculates to the HBCU for its strong academic programs, inclusive academic advising, and avant-garde course offerings and majors.
On these campuses, students validate popular culture entities and lend their authenticity — sans credit — to socioeconomic movements. Simply stated, once a product, service, or establishment is vetted by the HBCU, it is deemed credible globally. This is apparent as companies — including but not limited to Nike, The North Face, Timberland, and Ralph Lauren — are buoyed by African American and HBCU support; these companies, their intellectual properties, and their products became synonymous with the HBCU and are status symbols for those attempting to replicate an African American "cool factor" intertwined with social consciousness and academic achievement.
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