Here she found her commitment to compromise tested as she faced opposition from members of the suffrage, peace, and settlement movements over her endorsement. Her commitment to woman suffrage and Progressive reforms convinced her that supporting Roosevelt, despite some of his stances, was the best way to advance change. With the outbreak of World War I, Addams worked with peace activists around the world to keep the United States out of the conflict, encourage the United States to help broker peace, and help create conditions for a just peace.
Theodore Roosevelt, pushing for preparedness, castigated her calls for peace. Despite her efforts, the United States joined the war, and once that happened, Addams was vilified in the press as a traitor to her country, a naive unrealistic reformer, and merely an emotional woman.
Even some of her allies at Hull-House distanced themselves from her during the war years as she was tarred as a radical and subversive. Addams continued on despite the name-calling and the loss of popularity. Addams traveled the world, inspiring women with the idea that they had a special mission to lead the world to peace. She believed that peace went hand in hand with social justice and representation from all members of society.
As her reputation grew, Miss Addams was drawn into larger fields of civic responsibility. In her own area of Chicago she led investigations on midwifery, narcotics consumption, milk supplies, and sanitary conditions, even going so far as to accept the official post of garbage inspector of the Nineteenth Ward, at an annual salary of a thousand dollars.
In she received the first honorary degree ever awarded to a woman by Yale University. Jane Addams was an ardent feminist by philosophy.
For her own aspiration to rid the world of war, Jane Addams created opportunities or seized those offered to her to advance the cause.
In she gave a course of lectures at the University of Wisconsin summer session which she published the next year as a book, Newer Ideals of Peace. Aletta Jacobs, a Dutch suffragist leader of many and varied talents. After sustaining a heart attack in , Miss Addams never fully regained her health. Indeed, she was being admitted to a Baltimore hospital on the very day, December 10, , that the Nobel Peace Prize was being awarded to her in Oslo.
She died in three days after an operation revealed unsuspected cancer. The funeral service was held in the courtyard of Hull-House. Addams also grew up with liberal Christian values and a deep sense of social mission.
Addams graduated at the top of her class from Rockford Female Seminary in Although her religiosity waned under the heavy Christianity of Rockford, her commitment to the greater good increased. For the next six years, she attempted to study medicine, but her own poor health derailed her. Addams found her true calling while in London with her friend Ellen Gates Starr in Addams vowed to bring that model to the United States, which was in the early years of escalating industrialization and immigration.
The goal was for educated women to share all kinds of knowledge, from basic skills to arts and literature with poorer people in the neighborhood. They also envisioned women living in the community center, among the people they served.
Under Addams direction, the Hull House team provided an array of vital services to thousands of people each week: they established a kindergarten and day-care for working mothers; provided job training; English language, cooking, and acculturation classes for immigrants; established a job-placement bureau, community center, gymnasium, and art gallery.
Aside from writing articles and giving speeches nationally about Hull House, Addams expanded her efforts to improve society. Along with other progressive women reformers, she was instrumental in successfully lobbying for the establishment of a juvenile court system, better urban sanitation and factory laws, protective labor legislation for women, and more playgrounds and kindergartens throughout Chicago.
Addams led an initiative to establish a School of Social Work at the University of Chicago, creating institutional support for a new profession for women. During World War I, Addams found her second major calling: promoting international peace. An avowed pacifist, she protested US entry into World War I, which dinged her popularity and prompted harsh criticism from some newspapers.
Addams, however, believed human beings were capable of solving disputes without violence. She joined a group of women peace activists who toured the warring nations, hoping to bring about peace. In , she headed the Women's Peace Party and shortly thereafter also became president of the International Congress of Women. Addams wrote articles and gave speeches worldwide promoting peace and she helped found the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom in , serving as its president until and honorary president until her death in She was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for her efforts in , the first American woman to receive the award.
Jane Addams' social work at Hull House focused on education, employment, and empowerment for Chicago's diverse immigrant community. Hull House provided numerous social services, including daycare facilities for the children of working mothers, English language and citizenship classes, and programs in the cultural and industrial arts, and athletics.
After founding Hull House, Addams emerged as a public figure and household name in the United States, publishing books and articles and crossing the country giving speeches to civic groups on a range of social issues. For her tireless efforts on behalf of the causes of peace and justice, in the Nobel Committee awarded her its Peace Prize — the first American women to be so honored.
In , Addams died in Chicago at the age of
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